Among the verses of God Subhanahu Ta’ala The most important thing contained in the Qur’an is the ten commandments of Allah in Surah Al-An’am verses 151-153. The scholars refer to this verse as al-washaya al-‘ashrah or ten wills. It is called that because its content includes the basic principles of faith, worship, muamalah, and morals.
This will does not only regulate man’s relationship with God ‘Azza wa Jallabut also relationships with fellow humans. Therefore, understanding and practicing it is the key to a servant’s happiness in this world and the hereafter.
The following are the ten wills of Allah contained in Surah Al-An’am verses 151-153:
The first testament, the prohibition against associating partners with God ‘Azza wa Jalla
Allah Subhanahu Ta’ala He began His testament with a command to avoid shirk. Allah Subhanahu Ta’ala said,
Say, “Come, I will recite what your Lord has forbidden you, so that you do not associate anything with it.”
“Say, ‘Let me read what your Lord has forbidden, namely: do not associate partners with Him’.” (QS. Al-An’am: 151)
This verse opens the link between Allah’s will and the prohibition of polytheism. This shows that monotheism is the main and greatest foundation in Islam. Therefore, before correcting one’s deeds, one should straighten out one’s beliefs first.
Shirk is the biggest sin because it can destroy the purity of a servant’s monotheism. Associating partners with Allah in worship, prayer, or belief means equating or equating creatures with the Creator, and this is the greatest injustice.
In another verse, God ‘Azza wa Jalla also emphasizes the dangers of this shirk. Allah ‘Azza wa Jalla said,
Indeed, whoever associates anything with Allah, Allah has forbidden him Paradise, and his abode will be in Hell. And the wrongdoers will have no helper.
“Indeed, whoever associates (something with) Allah, Allah will certainly forbid him paradise, and his abode will be hell. In fact, there is no helper for the wrongdoers.” (QS. Al-Maidah: 72)
This shows that shirk is a very serious sin, it can even erase all good deeds and threaten you with going to hell. The practices of people who commit shirk will be in vain because they lose their main foundation.
Monotheism is the basis of all charity. Without it, worship will be useless, like a magnificent building that stands on a fragile foundation, it will surely collapse. Therefore, the Prophets and Apostles began their preaching with monotheism and warned their people against the dangers of polytheism. Monotheism is the key to safety and peace, while polytheism brings harm and loss. Therefore, maintaining the purity of monotheism is the obligation of believers, by continuing to improve their intentions and avoiding all forms of polytheism, both big and small.
Also read: Understanding the Nature of Shirk
The second will, presented to both parents
Still in the same verse, O Lord Subhanahu Ta’ala continued his will by saying,
And be kind to your parents.
“Be nice to both parents.” (QS. Al-An’am: 151)
This command comes after the prohibition on committing shirk, showing the high position of filial piety to parents in Islam. Filial piety is not just obedient, but doing good here includes speaking softly, respecting, helping and making them happy, even without being asked. Apart from that, filial piety also means being patient, not shouting, not speaking harshly, and always praying for goodness for both of you in all circumstances. Therefore, filial piety to parents is a noble act of worship that brings blessings to a person’s life in this world and the hereafter.
The third testament prohibits killing children because of poverty
Next is Allah ‘Azza wa Jalla said,
And do not kill your children because of poverty.
“Do not kill your children for fear of poverty.” (QS. Al-An’am: 151)
This verse emphasizes that sustenance is a provision from Allah ‘Azza wa Jallanot human. Therefore, fear of poverty should not be a reason to take a child’s life. In ancient times, some people killed children because they were worried they would not be able to feed them or meet their needs. However, in modern times, this attitude has become a criminal act, but something similar can appear in the form of abortion or aborting a fetus for economic reasons.
Islam strictly prohibits this because every child born in this world is guaranteed sustenance by Allah ‘Azza wa Jalla. The presence of children is not a burden, but a trust that brings blessings to every family. So, the correct attitude is to put your trust in Allah, try to seek sustenance in a halal way, and believe that Allah has determined its sustenance for every creature. Subhanahu Ta’ala.
The fourth commandment, the prohibition against approaching abominable acts
Allah Subhanahu Ta’ala said,
And do not approach immoral acts, whether visible or hidden.
“Do not approach evil deeds.” (QS. Al-An’am: 151)
This verse emphasizes that Allah not only prohibits heinous acts such as adultery and all forms of immorality, but also prohibits everything that brings him closer. Expression “Do not come close” shows that all paths, causes and means that could lead to these actions are also prohibited by Allah Subhanahu Ta’alaboth visible and hidden.
This also shows how perfect God’s care for His servants is, namely preventing a servant from falling into corruption. Therefore, guarding your views, limiting unhealthy interactions, and staying away from things that arouse lust are part of your efforts to protect yourself from all forms of immorality.
The fifth commandment is the prohibition against killing a soul without right
Allah Subhanahu Ta’ala said,
And do not kill a soul that is purified by Allah, except in truth.
“Do not kill a soul which Allah has forbidden (killing) unless it is for a right (reason).” (QS. Al-An’am: 151)
It is also mentioned in the hadith that the Messenger of Allah May Allah bless him and grant him peace said,
It is not permissible to shed the blood of a Muslim except on one of three things: a married man who commits adultery, life is paid for life, and a person who abandons his religion and separates from society.
“The blood of a Muslim is not halal, except for one of three things: (1) a person who commits adultery even though he is married, (2) killing a soul, and (3) a person who leaves his religion and separates himself from the congregation (Muslims).” (HR. Bukhari and Muslim)
This argument shows how much Islam cares about and respects human life. Life is a great trust from God ‘Azza wa Jalla which cannot be confiscated without reasons permitted by the Shari’a. Therefore, all forms of unlawful killing are considered very serious sins, and in many arguments there are even strong threats for the perpetrator.
The exceptions mentioned in the hadith above show that the law is not without limits, but is within a very strict corridor of justice, as in the case of winter punishment for adulterers muhshan (married), or someone who is an apostate and fights the Muslims. All of this cannot be done by individuals, but must go through a valid legal process and an authorized government.
This confirms that Islam not only protects religion, but also protects the soul (hifzh an-nafs) as one of the main objectives of the Shari’a. By protecting human life, peace, security and stability will be created in people’s lives. On the other hand, if human life is taken lightly, then very extensive damage and chaos will result.
Thus, this testament contains a very firm message for every human being to respect life, avoid all forms of violence and injustice, and realize that protecting one life is as if protecting all humans.
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Writer: Chrisna Tri Hartadi
Article Muslim.or.id
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